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Practical Instrumental Analysis: InhaltsangabePreface to the German Edition XVPreface to the English Edition XIXDedication XXIForeword XXIII1 Introduction 11.1 Analytical Chemistry &ndash The History 11.2 Analytical Chemistry and Its Role in Today&rsquo s Society 22 Introduction to Quality Management 52.1 Historical Background 52.2 Variability 62.3 The Four Pillars of Wisdom (from Shewhart to Deming) 102.4 Zero-Defect Tolerance 102.5 Why Standards 112.6 The Controlled Process 112.7 ISO Guidelines 9004 122.8 Quality Management System (QMS) Requirements 153 Fundamentals of Statistics 173.1 Basic Concepts 173.1.1 Population and Sample 193.1.2 Distribution of Values 203.2 Important Terms 223.2.1 Mean, Arithmetic Mean, Average (x) 223.2.2 Standard Deviation (&sigma , s) 223.2.3 Variance (Var,V) 233.2.4 Standard Deviation of Mean Values (S) 243.2.5 Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) 243.2.6 Confi dence Interval (CI), Confi dence Limits 253.3 Quality of Results (Accuracy and Precision) 253.3.1 Measurement Deviations 283.3.2 Random Deviations &ndash Influence on Precision 303.3.2.1 Precision 303.3.2.2 Determination of Random Deviations 303.3.2.3 Causes of Random Deviations 313.3.3 Systematic Deviations &ndash Influence on Accuracy 313.3.3.1 Accuracy/Trueness 313.3.3.2 Bias 313.3.3.3 Causes of Systematic Deviations 323.3.3.4 Effects on the Measurement 323.3.3.5 Determination of Systematic Deviations 323.3.3.6 Recovery Experiments 333.3.4 Gross Errors 333.3.4.1 Causes of Gross Errors 343.3.5 Uncertainty of Measurement Results 343.3.5.1 Standard Uncertainty of Single Measurements 343.3.5.2 Combined Uncertainty 353.3.5.3 Procedure for Determining the Combined Uncertainty 353.3.5.4 Rules for Uncertainty Propagation 373.3.5.5 Extended Uncertainty 383.3.6 Non-statistical Methods of Estimation 383.3.6.1 Tolerance 383.3.7 Expressing Analytical Results 393.3.7.1 Expressing the Measurement Uncertainty in the Value of a Quantity 393.3.7.2 Accordance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce (NIST) 393.3.8 Signifi cant Figures &ndash &ldquo Box-and-Dot&rdquo Method 403.3.9 Outlier Tests 423.3.9.1 The 2.5 s Barrier 423.3.9.2 Test according to Grubbs 423.4 Regression 433.4.1 Regression Analysis 433.4.2 Calibration Function 433.4.3 The &ldquo Optimal&rdquo Trend Line 443.4.4 Linear Regression 453.4.4.1 Linearity 453.4.4.2 Statistical Information from Linear Regression 463.4.4.3 Analytical Sensitivity 463.4.4.4 Correlation Coeffi cient (R) 463.4.4.5 Coeffi cient of Determination (R2) 473.4.4.6 Regression Equation 474 The Analytical Process 534.1 The Analytical Process in the Optimization 684.3.3 Calibration 694.3.3.1 External Calibration 704.3.3.2 Internal Standard (IStd) 714.3.3.3 Standard Addition Method (Spiking Method) 714.3.3.4 One-Time Addition 714.3.3.5 Multiple Additions 724.3.3.6 Recovery Standard (RStd) 734.4 Assessment 744.4.1 Quantification 744.4.1.1 Traceability 744.4.2 (&ldquo True&rdquo ) Content 744.4.2.1 Terminology 754.5 Validation 754.5.1 Validation Elements 774.5.1.1 Selectivity/Specifi city 774.5.1.2 Working Range 784.5.1.3 Detection, Determination and Quantitation Limit 784.5.1.4 German Standard DIN 32645 784.5.1.5 Calculations 814.5.1.6 Limit of Detection according to Kaiser 844.5.1.7 Robustness 864.5.2 Using the Computer 864.6 Final Documentation 874.6.1 Review 885 Example of a Validation Strategy 895.1 Determination of Phenol in Industrial Waste Water 905.1.1 Confi rmation of Identity 925.1.1.1 Selectivity 925.1.1.2 Precision 925.1.2 Sample Content Determination 935.1.2.1 Accuracy 935.1.2.2 Calibration Function &ndash Calibration, Linearity, Working Range 945.1.2.3 Determination of the Detection, Determination and Quantitation Limits according to DIN 32645 &ndash Direct and Indirect Method 965.1.2.4 Measurement Uncertainty 995.1.2.5 Robustness 1015.1.3 Selection 1025.1.3.1 Final Documentation 1026 Organizational and Practical Procedures in the Teaching Laboratory Program 1036.1 Goals 1036.2 Safety in the Laboratory Class 1046.3 Experimental Project Workflow 1046.3.1 Preparation 1046.3.2 Laboratory Notebook 1056.4 Reports 110References 1147 Literature 1157.1 Cited Literature 1157.2 Recommended Norms (Selection) 1167.2.1 Calibration 1167.2.2 Inter-laboratory Tests 1167.2.3 Quality Management 1177.3 Suggested Books (Selection) 1178 Projects 1198.1 Chromatography 1218.1.1 Gas Chromatography &ndash GC, Project: Tanker Accident 1218.1.1.1 Analytical Problem 1218.1.1.2 Introduction 1238.1.1.3 Material and Methods 1358.1.1.4 Questions 139References 1398.1.2 Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Selective Detection &ndash GC/MS, Project: &ldquo Circumvention of the Formerly Mandatory Declaration of Fragrances in Perfumes &rdquo 1398.1.2.1 Analytical Problem 1398.1.2.2 Introduction 1418.1.2.3 Material and Methods 1558.1.2.4 Questions 158References 1598.1.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography &ndash HPLC, Project: &ldquo Stricter Control of Drugs&rdquo 1598.1.3.1 Analytical Problem 1598.1.3.2 Introduction 1618.1.3.3 Material and Methods 1708.1.3.4 Questions 173References 1738.1.4 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass-Selective Detection &ndash LC/MS, Project &ldqu &ldquo Evaluation of Potential Saving through Use of Optimized Alloys&rdquo 2368.2.1.1 Analytical Problem 2368.2.1.2 Introduction 2388.2.1.3 Bandwidth 2428.2.1.4 Material and Methods 2438.2.1.5 Questions 246References 2478.2.2 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Project: &ldquo Benchmarking with a New Competitive Japanese Product&rdquo 2478.2.2.1 Analytical Problem 2478.2.2.2 Introduction 2498.2.2.3 Material and Methods 2598.2.2.4 Questions 263References 2648.2.3 Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometry, Project: &ldquo Accelerated Raw Material Intake Control&rdquo 2648.2.3.1 Analytical Problem 2648.2.3.2 Introduction 2668.2.3.3 Material and Methods 2828.2.3.4 Questions 286Reference 2868.2.4 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Project: &ldquo Recycling of Sewage Sludge in Agriculture&rdquo 2868.2.4.1 Analytical Problem 2868.2.4.2 Introduction 2888.2.4.3 Material and Methods 2968.2.4.4 Questions 299References 2998.3 Electrophoretic Separation Methods 2998.3.1 Capillary Electrophoresis, Project: &ldquo Preservatives in Cosmetics: Friend or Foe&rdquo 2998.3.1.1 Analytical Problem 2998.3.1.2 Introduction 3018.3.1.3 Material and Methods 3138.3.1.4 Questions 316References 3168.4 Automation 3168.4.1 Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), Project: &ldquo Phenol-like Flavor in Beer: a Quality Parameter to be Mastered&rdquo 3168.4.1.1 Analytical Problem 3168.4.1.2 Introduction 3198.4.1.3 Material and Methods 3248.4.1.4 Questions 327References 3288.5 Mass Analytical Determination Methods 3288.5.1 Karl Fischer Water Determination, Project: &ldquo Water Content as a Quality Parameter&rdquo 3288.5.1.1 Analytical Problem 3288.5.1.2 Introduction 330, Englisch, Ebook.

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Practical Instrumental Analysis ab 48.99 EURO Methods, Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management.

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