Modern China: Thirty-one Short Essays on Subjects Which Illustrate the Present.
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Excerpt from Modern China: Thirty-One Short Essays on Subjects Which Illustrate the Present Condition of the Country The question has been asked, What have been the chief causes of that still increasing energy of the Chinese race which enables them to absorb other nations and always be found conquering in the struggle for existence? The population tables shew that they did not grow at any time beyond about 60 millions until, at the end of the 17th century, the great body politic began to assume gigantic proportions. This growth has continued in the face of famines, wars and pestilences, and it now causes that overflow which in the United States and Australia occasions a serious political disquietude. The causes appear to be the absence of vexatious interference with the people by the government, the extension of foreign trade, the effects of stimulus given to education by the examinations, and the spread of emigration. As to the government, the two reigns Kang-hi and Chien-lung both lasted sixty years and the wars undertaken were then always successful. The laws were ameliorated, the poll tax, which acted as a check on population, was abolished, and the people were allowed to have their own way to such an extent that it may be said that China is democratic, while in theory ruled by a despotic government. The upward movement of population was delayed in the Kang-hi period by the wars with Wu Sankwei and Koxinga, but as soon as universal tranquillity was restored the increase indicated by the census returns shewed that political peace is the great thing required by the Chinese race to ensure its prosperity. Another powerful cause is found in the educational system. The encouragement given to literature by the government reaches to every village throughout this vast country. The number of schoolmasters, doctors, secretaries to mandarins, caligraphists and a host of other professions is thus greatly increased, over and above the places secured in the mandarinate high and low by students successful in the high examinations. Foreign trade has also been a substantial cause of numerical growth during the present dynasty, because it has increased greatly the number of merchants, burden bearers, and silk and tea cultivators. Lastly, emigration encourages population in a remarkable degree. In China as in England the places of those who leave are soon filled up; and when emigrants return rich the wealth they bring operates powerfully to increase the population, because it is used as capital in adding to local industries. The Temple of Heaven. On the 10th September, 1889, the Temple of Heaven was destroyed by fire and the cause was its being struck by lightning. The building thus destroyed is the Convenient which stands on the northern altar. It was 99 feet high and had a triple blue roof which was elaborately repaired a century ago. It differed from Buddhist pagodas because the roofs were circular, and one above another. The very striking appearance of this edifice has led many visitors to regard it as the most sacred part of the erections embraced in the Temple of Heaven. Yet in fact the south altar without any edifice built on it is the most primitive and in some sense more sacred. There is no very clear classical precedent for the building over the altar which has now been destroyed. The altar is essential. The edifice over it is a later addition and does not certainly date from a time earlier than A.D. 483. In that year at Nanking, then the capital of South China, there was a discussion at court as to whether a roofed building should be erected on the altar for the spring sacrifice or not. There never was a question as to the south altar where sacrifices are offered at the solstices whether a temple should be built on it or not. It was thought more reverential to worship at an open altar. But in reference to the spring sacrifice it was decided that a building might be allowed. Paperback, Label: Forgotten Books, Forgotten Books, Product group: Book, Published: 2015-09-27, Studio: Forgotten Books.

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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. Paperback, Edition: Primary Source ed. Label: Nabu Press, Nabu Press, Product group: Book, Published: 2013-10-03, Studio: Nabu Press.

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*Modern China* - Thirty-One Short Essays On Subjects Which Illustrate the Present Condition of the Country / gebundene Ausgabe für 37.99 € / Aus dem Bereich: Bücher, Wissenschaft, Geschichte.

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